Encyclopedia of organic Invasions gains articles on:
• famous invasive species such the zebra mussel, chestnut blight, cheatgrass, gypsy moth, Nile perch, tremendous African snail, and Norway rat
• areas with specifically huge numbers of brought species together with the good Lakes, Mediterranean Sea, Hawaiian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand.
• Conservation, ecological, monetary, and human and animal well-being affects of invasions round the world
• The methods and pathways considering invasion
• administration of brought species
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Additional resources for Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions (Encyclopedias of the Natural World)
A. Shibata, T. Yasui, and H. Nagamasu. 1999. impression of brought honeybees, Apis mellifera, upon local bee groups within the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Researches on inhabitants Ecology 2: 217–228. Roubik, D. W. 1996. Measuring the which means of honeybees (163–172). In A. Matheson, S. L. Buchmann, C. O'Toole, P. Westrich, and that i. H. Williams, eds. The Conservation of Bees. London: educational Press. Thomson, D. M. 2006. aggressive interactions among the invasive eu honey bee and local bumble bees. Ecology eighty five: 458–470. BELOWGROUND PHENOMENA DAVID A. WARDLE Swedish collage of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå All terrestrial ecosystems encompass basic manufacturers (plants), aboveground shoppers (herbivores and their predators), and belowground shoppers (bacteria, fungi, and soil animals). those organisms are all without delay or in a roundabout way interlinked: crops be certain the quantity and caliber of meals assets for either the aboveground and belowground shoppers, aboveground shoppers impact the provision of assets to belowground shoppers, and belowground shoppers keep an eye on decomposition and nutrient biking procedures that impact crops and above-ground shoppers. as a result of the measure of linkage among the aboveground and belowground environment parts, invasive plant and aboveground client species have the capability to significantly modify the belowground subsystem, whereas invasive belowground organisms can vastly effect what we see aboveground. the various astonishing examples of invasive organisms influencing biota at the different facet of the aboveground—belowground interface contain vegetation resembling legumes, C4 grasses, and coniferous bushes; aboveground shoppers resembling deer, rats, and ants; and belowground shoppers comparable to earthworms, flatworms, and fungal pathogens. the results of those invaders in flip adjust environment homes comparable to surroundings construction, nutrient biking, and soil fertility, and will hence significantly rework the functioning of the atmosphere. INVASIVE crops Invasive plant species exert their such a lot dramatic results at the belowground subsystem once they range in a few primary manner from the local species current. vintage reports at the island of Hawaii have proven that the invasive shrub faya (Morella [Myrica] faya), local to the Azores and Canary Islands, can significantly rework local montane woodland ecosystems. the reason is, faya differs from the entire local species found in having the ability to shape root nodules that convert atmospheric nitrogen to almost certainly biologically on hand kinds. as a result of invasion by means of this shrub, surroundings nitrogen enter is elevated via over fourfold, vastly reworking the fertility of the soil. one other instance consists of the invasion of northern hemisphere pine (Pinus) tree species in lots of southern hemisphere ecosystems (Fig. 1). In New Zealand grasslands and forests, invasion via North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) leads to huge discount rates of soil animals comparable to nematodes which are accountable for regulating nutrient biking and decomposition methods.